The Saturn Corporation is a registered trademark established on Jan vii , 1985 , equally a subsidiary of General Motors. The fellowship marketed itself equally a "different form of automobile company" as well as operated somewhat independently from its parent fellowship for a fourth dimension with its ain assembly flora inward Spring Hill , Tennessee; unique models; as well as a split upwardly retailer network.
Following the withdrawal of a bid past times Penske Automotive to larn Saturn inward September 2009 , General Motors discontinued the Saturn create as well as ended its outstanding franchises on Oct 31 , 2010. All novel production was halted on Oct vii , 2009.
Saturn LLC | |
Former Type | Subsidiary , LLC |
Industry | Automotive |
Successor | Buick Chevrolet |
Founded | January vii , 1985 |
Defunct | October 31 , 2010 |
Headquarters | Spring Hill , Tennessee , U.S. (1985–2007) Detroit , Michigan , U.S. (2007-2010) |
Area served | United States , Canada |
Key people | · Roger B. Smith (1985–1990) · F. James McDonald · Joseph J. Sanchez (1985) · William E. Hoglund (1985–1986) · Richard G. "Skip" LeFauve · Don Hudler · Cynthia Trudell (1998–2004) · Jill Lajdziak (2004–2009) · Frederick Henderson (2009) · Edward Whitacre , Jr. (2010) |
Products | Automobiles |
Parent | Motors Liquidation Company |
Website | |
History
1982–1989: Formation
Alex C. Mair began discussions of a "revolutionary novel , small-car projection codenamed 'Saturn'" inward June , 1982. In Nov 1983 , the Saturn stance was publicized past times General Motors' Chairman Roger B. Smith as well as GM's President F. James McDonald. Twelve months after , the rootage Saturn demonstration vehicle was revealed. On Jan vii , 1985 , the Saturn Corporation was officially founded. Citing total disclosure , Saturn was originally founded equally a somebody , employee-owned fellowship , past times old GM leadership. They remained somebody until GM bought them out , as well as effectively "rewrote" fellowship history.
In the mid-1980s , GM released the Saturn Concept Car. The automobile , which resembled the rootage Saturn SL , was non originally meant to start upwardly a create , withal , GM planned to unloosen the Saturn automobile nether 1 of its brands , which , at the fourth dimension , were Buick , Cadillac , Chevrolet , GMC , Oldsmobile , as well as Pontiac. In the slowly 1980s , GM changed their programme as well as founded Saturn equally its ain create , with its rootage cars beingness the Saturn SC as well as Saturn SL. Production of both Saturn vehicles started inward 1990 equally early on 1991 model yr vehicles. The Saturn SW was after added for 1992. GM had plans for a sedan , a coupe , a railroad vehicle , as well as fifty-fifty a sport utility vehicle; withal , Saturn's rootage sport utility vehicle , the Vue , did non appear until the 2002 model year.
1990–2000: "A novel form of automobile company"
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In July 1990 , GM Chairman Roger Smith as well as UAW President Owen Bieber drove the real rootage Saturn off the assembly line inward Spring Hill , Tennessee. The create was marketed equally a "different form of automobile company" , as well as Saturn operated exterior the GM conglomerate , with its ain assembly flora inward Spring Hill , unique models as well as a split upwardly retailer network.
Results at Saturn , withal , were to a greater extent than doubtful than positive. According to The Wall Street Journal , the projection was likewise ambitious , equally "everything at Saturn is new: the automobile , the flora , the workforce , the dealer network as well as the manufacturing process. Not fifty-fifty Toyota , a highly successful as well as experienced automaker , tackles to a greater extent than than 2 novel items on whatsoever unmarried project." While Saturn cars proved real pop with buyers , actual sales never met the optimistic projected targets , inward business office because of a recession inward 1990. It also proved cannibalistic equally 41% of Saturn buyers already owned a GM car. Its separation from the balance of its GM parent , summation the fact that it drained $5 billion from other automobile projects , stirred anger as well as resentment within GM's other divisions. Also , Saturn opened at considerably higher cost than the Japanese transplants (factories that Japanese automakers established inward the United States).
Nonetheless , the create was directly known for its "no haggle" prices. The rootage Saturn model , the S-Series , was significantly successful. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 yr after , Saturn striking the Canadian market. 499 ,999 Saturns after , "Carla" entered the marketplace inward 1993. In May 1995 , "Jasper" , Saturn's Millionth automobile is produced. In 1996 , Saturn Dealerships distributed the electrical General Motors EV1 , the rootage automobile released nether the GM marque. In 1997 , Saturn became the rootage General Motors North American vehicle to live fully built with right-hand-drive on the same assembly line equally the left-hand-drive vehicles (the previous right-hand-drive GM North American vehicle were built inward the countries with left-hand route dominion using the CKD kit as well as customized dashboard as well as steering components) equally it entered the Japanese market. In Jan 1999 , Saturn rolled out its 2 millionth car. Later that yr , Saturn began production of its all novel L-Series.
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2000–2008: Model expansion
Saturn's rootage compact crossover SUV was introduced for the 2002 model yr equally the Vue , based on a globally used GM design. For 2003 , Saturn introduced the Ion equally a replacement to the S-Series. For 2005 , Saturn began selling the Relay , a minivan as well as the rootage Saturn based on similar models from other GM brands. That same yr , the L-Series was discontinued. The Sky roadster was introduced inward 2006 equally a 2007 model. Also for 2007 , the Aura midsize sedan made its way to dealerships , amongst the Outlook , a larger CUV than the Vue , as well as was the in conclusion yr the Ion was produced. The Ion was replaced past times the European-built Astra inward 2008. During the 2008 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) , Saturn revealed its Flextreme concept vehicle , which was a rebadged Opel Flextreme.
Saturn was believed to have got had a disagreement with GM as well as were non real accepting of the fellowship closing. In 2004 , GM as well as the United Auto Workers dissolved their unique labor contract for the Spring Hill manufacturing flora , allowing Saturn operations to live integrated with the balance of GM.
2008–2009: Attempt to sell create , marketplace changes
In US Congressional hearings on Dec 2 , 2008 , General Motors announced its intentions to focus on 4 marrow brands (Chevrolet , Cadillac , Buick , GMC) , with the sale , consolidation , or closure of Saturn as well as the remaining brands (Pontiac , Hummer , as well as Saab). General Motors Chairman as well as old CEO Rick Wagoner announced during a tidings conference on Feb 17 , 2009 that Saturn would stay inward functioning through the cease of the planned life wheel for all Saturn products (2010–2011).
In Feb 2009 , GM declared its intent to business office with this create past times closing or selling the segmentation , either to investors or to dealers , equally business office of restructuring plans subject upon the receipt of a instant circular of regime loans ("bailout" funding). It was the 3rd such activity for GM inward the 21st century , next those of Oldsmobile , which ceased production inward 2004 , as well as Pontiac , which ended production of the 2010 model yr past times the cease of 2009.
General Motors announced inward June 2009 that it was selling the create to Penske Automotive Group. The organisation was similar to the bargain nether which Penske distributes Daimler AG's Smart Car inward the United States. Penske was non planning to purchase the factories as well as would eventually have got to contract other automobile companies to construct cars sold equally Saturns. GM would have got built the Aura , Vue , as well as Outlook for Penske for 2 years. To supersede GM equally the brand's manufacturer , Penske was inward discussions with several global automakers , including Renault Samsung Motors of Korea.
By the cease of 2009 , GM closed all of its 46 Saturn dealerships inward Canada , fifty-fifty for Saturn dealerships also selling Saab vehicles. GM as well as Penske decided that they could no longer create a occupation organisation instance to distribute Saturn vehicles inward Canada after the sale of the brand. Saturn's client service , parts , as well as warranty operations moved to other GM dealerships inward Canada.
2009: Sale falls through
On September thirty , 2009 , Penske terminated its discussions with GM to larn its Saturn subsidiary. The tentative understanding was for GM to proceed to arrive at the Saturn line until 2011; after that fourth dimension , an undisclosed 3rd fellowship would assume production responsibilities. Penske's determination to dorsum out of the sale came after an undisclosed company's board rejected plans to convey over production of the Saturn line. The undisclosed "company" was after reported to live the Renault–Nissan Alliance , reacting mainly to objections from the Nissan side of the Alliance. Subsequently , GM stated they would unopen downward the segmentation as well as dealers would have got to unopen past times Oct 2010. Since that appointment , Saturn vehicles have got been serviced at other GM dealerships.
Meanwhile , the Outlook was the in conclusion Saturn to live produced , although it is unknown when production ended. Although all Saturn production ended inward Oct 2009 , solely the Outlook resumed from hiatus past times Feb 2010 for production.
In Feb 2010 , equally a agency of client memory , GM announced it was offering existing Saturn owners upwardly to US$2 ,000 inward incentives on purchasing a novel Chevrolet , Cadillac , Buick or GMC vehicle until March 31. Customers were required to have got owned their Saturns for at to the lowest degree half dozen months as well as were non required to merchandise them inward to live eligible for the incentives.
Saturn Authorized Service Providers have got been introduced since the closing of the Saturn brand. Most Saturn Authorized Service Providers are at Cadillac as well as Chevrolet dealers. Saturn Authorized Service Providers are responsible for all aspects of service , including warranty service , on Saturn vehicles.
Saturn's in conclusion vehicles were the Saturn Astra , Saturn Aura , Saturn VUE , as well as Saturn Outlook. GM continued to marketplace the leftover 2009 model yr vehicles equally 2010 model yr vehicles for rental automobile fleets. Sales of all Saturn vehicles ended inward slowly 2009 , however.
In 2011 , GM reintroduced the VUE compact sport utility vehicle based on the Chevrolet Captiva platform. The resulting vehicle was called the Chevrolet Captiva Sport , though it was solely sold for fleet job , as well as to rental automobile fleets. The vehicle was unchanged from the old VUE , though V6 as well as Hybrid engine options were unavailable. The solely alter was that Chevrolet badges were placed everywhere where at that topographic point in 1 trial was a Saturn badge , as well as it was renamed 'Captiva'. In a similar fashion , the flora that produced the Saturn Outlook was retooled to arrive at the redesigned 2013 GMC Acadia. Most noticeable inward the bring upwardly wraparound drinking glass as well as lift-gate , many Outlook parts were largely unchanged when recycled into the Acadia , solely adding GMC blueprint cues where necessary. No other Saturn models or parts have got been reintroduced.
Models
Earlier models
Originally , the company's products used a dedicated platform called the Z-body as well as a dedicated engine , the 1.9 L Saturn I4 engine , as well as a dedicated flora inward Spring Hill , Tennessee. All of the master copy Saturns featured dent-resistant plastic torso panels which were also touted equally allowing the fellowship to alter the await of the vehicles readily. However , inward exercise , the fellowship did non ofttimes convey wages of this capability.
Saturn S-Series cars were produced from 1991–2002. S-Series cars had 3 generations: First generation cars were produced from 1991–1994. For the 1995 model yr Saturn used a "first generation" exterior as well as "second generation" interior. The exterior of the 1995 model looked the same equally the rootage generation cars , but it had larger justice faces on the musical instrument cluster as well as a redesigned middle console. First generation engines were rated at 85 horsepower (63 kW) for the unmarried overhead cam engines , piece the dual overhead cam engines were rated at 124 horsepower (92 kW) for the entire run of S-Series cars (1991–2002). In 1996 , the instant generation S-Series sedan was introduced. Changes that carried through until 1999 included a redesigned torso as well as unmarried overhead cam mightiness beingness increased to 100 horsepower (75 kW). The 3rd generation sedan received solely tike blueprint changes for the 2000-2002 production run. Most notably , the exterior torso panels were updated in 1 trial once to a greater extent than , as well as novel pigment colors were offered. The sedan retained many of the same mechanical components with an updated interior design. In 1997 , the instant generation of the sport coupe model was introduced with a to a greater extent than scooped headlight front. The 1999 Coupe models received a suicide door behind the driver side door. The S-Series was produced inward 3 variations: Coupe (SC) , Sedan (SL) , as well as Wagon (SW). The railroad vehicle was introduced for the 1993 Model yr as well as it was produced until 2001.
The rootage meaning alter came with the 2000 Saturn L-Series mid-size car. It shared the GM2900 platform with the Opel Vectra , along with its engine. It was built at a GM manufactory inward Wilmington , Delaware. In 2003 , the Saturn Ion replaced the S-Series compact.
These models were non good received. Ion production was halted for 2 weeks inward 2003 due to a dealer surplus of the vehicles. The Saturn L-Series was canceled after production of the 2005 models , as well as the Ion was canceled after 2007.
Final model line
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As of 2009 , all Saturn models used mutual GM platforms as well as engines. The plastic torso panels , which were previously touted equally a fellowship trademark , had been discontinued.
The 2009 Saturn models were the Sky roadster , the Aura sedan , the Astra hatchback , the Vue little crossover SUV as well as the Outlook full-size crossover SUV built off the GM Lambda platform.
Some of the terminal Saturns were nearly identical to for sure European Opel/Vauxhall models. For illustration , the 2008 Saturn Vue was a rebadged Opel Antara , piece the Opel GT was based on the Saturn Sky. The Opel Astra was imported from Antwerp , Kingdom of Belgium equally the Saturn Astra. On the other manus , the Saturn Aura , piece based on the same platform equally the Opel Vectra , was a unique model for the North American marketplace similar to the Pontiac G6.
The fellowship offered 2 sub-lines of vehicles: "Red Line" Saturns were performance-oriented , piece "Green Line" cars were to a greater extent than environmentally friendly hybrids.[22] The Vue as well as Ion Red Line models , launched inward 2004 , were joined past times Vue as well as Aura Green Lines for the 2007 model yr as well as a Sky Red Line the same model year. Saturn's Green Line vehicles utilized mild hybrid technology.
Model lineup
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Model | Class | Production |
Saturn S-Series | compact sedan and coupe | 1991–2002 |
station wagon | 1993–2001 | |
Saturn L-Series | mid-size sedan as well as station wagon | 2000–2005 |
compact crossover | 2002–2010 | |
Saturn Ion | compact sedan and quad coupe | 2003–2007 |
Saturn Relay | minivan | 2005–2007 |
Saturn Sky | roadster | 2007–2010 |
EV1 | Electric | 1996–2001 |
Saturn Outlook | full-size crossover | 2007–2010 |
Saturn Aura | mid-size sedan | 2007–2010 |
Saturn Astra | compact 3– as well as 5-door hatchback | 2008–2009 |
Concepts
- Saturn Prototype (1984)
- Saturn Prototype (1988)
- Saturn CV1 (2000)
- Saturn Curve (2005)
- Saturn Sky (2005)
- Saturn Aura Concept (2005)
- Saturn PreVue (2006)
- Saturn Flextreme (2008)
- Saturn Vue Hybrid 2-Mode (2009)
Awards
- 1991
- Saturn receives 2 "Silver Anvil" awards for community as well as internal relations.
- Saturn receives Popular Mechanics "Design as well as Engineering" accolade for "manufacturing processes that final result inward exceptionally high character for an all-new vehicle."
- Saturn receives "Driver's Choice awards for best little car" from MotorWeek.
- 1992
- Saturn receives "Driver's Choice awards for best little car" from MotorWeek.
- Saturn is inward the "Top Ten Domestic Buys" according to Motor Trend magazine.
- Saturn receives the "EVE" accolade for Saturn's travail to employ women as well as minorities.
- 1993
- Saturn receives the Best American Car Value Under thirteen ,000; Lowest Total Cost To Own—American Car; Best Overall Value—Compact Class nether xvi ,500; from Intellichoice.
- Saturn receives Technology of the Year from Automobile Magazine.
- 1995
- Saturn receives Best American Car Value nether thirteen ,000; Best Compact Under 17 ,000; Best Subcompact over 12 ,500; from Intellichoice.
- 1996
- Saturn receives Best American Car Value nether xx ,000; Best Compact Value nether 17 ,000 (import or domestic); past times Intellichoice.
- Saturn receives the accolade for Best Small Wagon (import or domestic).
- Saturn receives the accolade for Best Subcompact value nether 12 ,000 (import or domestic).
- Saturn receives the accolade for Best Subcompact value over 12 ,500 (import or domestic).
- 1997
- Saturn receives Best Car Value Under xx ,000; Best Compact Value nether xv ,000; Best Subcompact Value nether xiv ,000; Best Small Wagon Value; from Intellichoice.
- Saturn is the Leader inward "Brands nether xx ,000".
- 1999
- Saturn receives awards for Best Compact Value nether xx ,000; Best Small Wagon Value.
- Saturn S-Series gets a Double 5-Star rating inward Driver & Passenger inward front-collision tests.
- 2000
- Saturn is voted MotorWeek's "Best Family Sedan".
- Saturn receives "Best Overall Value of the Year" for SL as well as SL1 from Intellichoice.
- Saturn inward Spring Hill receives "Most Valuable Pollution Prevention."
- 2007
- Saturn's 2007 Aura claims North American Car of the Year.
- 2008
- Saturn's Outlook receives Parents Magazine/Edmunds.com "Best Family Car 2008" , "Best Crossover Utility" past times MotorWeek Drivers , "Best New Family Vehicle" from kbb.com.
Plants
- Ramos Arizpe , Coahuila , United Mexican States (General Motors) – Vue (2007–2010)
- Spring Hill , Tennessee , (Spring Hill Manufacturing) – S-Series (1990–2002) , Vue (2002–2007) , Ion (2002–2007)
- Doraville , Georgia , (Doraville Assembly) — Relay (2005–2007)
- Fairfax District (Kansas City , Kansas) (General Motors) – Aura
- Antwerp. Kingdom of Belgium (General Motors Europe) – Astra
- Lansing Delta Township Assembly , Delta Charter Township , Michigan (General Motors) – Outlook
- Wilmington , Delaware (plant closed) – Sky , L serial , Pontiac Solstice
Last updated on 23 Dec 2016 at 14:48.
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